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2020, Vol: 22, Issue: 1
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Original Research 


Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep

Simon Barton, Reinhard Pietrowsky.


Abstract
The association between napping and consolidation of emotional face memory is still not well understood. In the present study, subjects of a nap and wake condition (each n = 20) were presented pictures of facial expressions in a declarative memory task and word learning was used as a control task, whereby emotional valence in both tasks was varied. Hypothesized was better memory performance for negative than neutral stimuli after a 1 h nap as well as a positive association between negative stimuli and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Memory performance was evaluated via face recognition (old/new discrimination) and free recall of words. No enhancement of face recognition and word recall by sleep was found. However, while recall of negative words positively correlated with NREM sleep (i.e., total sleep time), the positive and linear association for recognition of negative faces was limited to the sleep stage N3 (rich in slow-wave sleep). Selective enhancement of negative facial processing by slow-wave sleep can be concluded.

Key words: memory consolidation, face memory, nap, emotional enhancement, NREM sleep, slow-wave sleep


 
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Pubmed Style

Barton S, Pietrowsky R. Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 328-338.

Web Style

Barton S, Pietrowsky R. Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. https://www.sleepandhypnosis.com/?mno=10226 [Access: June 27, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Barton S, Pietrowsky R. Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 328-338.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Barton S, Pietrowsky R. Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep Hypn. (2019), [cited June 27, 2026]; 21(4): 328-338.


Harvard Style

Barton, S. & Pietrowsky, . R. (2019) Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep Hypn, 21 (4), 328-338.


Turabian Style

Barton, Simon, and Reinhard Pietrowsky. 2019. Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 328-338.


Chicago Style

Barton, Simon, and Reinhard Pietrowsky. "Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep." Sleep and Hypnosis 21 (2019), 328-338.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Barton, Simon, and Reinhard Pietrowsky. "Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep." Sleep and Hypnosis 21.4 (2019), 328-338. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Barton, S. & Pietrowsky, . R. (2019) Selective Enhancement of Processing of Negative Faces During Slow-Wave Sleep. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 328-338.


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